![]() HOPR is a peer-to-peer network open to anyone who wants to join and run a node. One solution to these problems would be a fully decentralized and incentivized mixnet – like the HOPR network. While some – indeed, hopefully many – will be motivated by altruism, this isn’t enough to create a network capable of serving global privacy needs. Tor instead relies on the goodwill of node runners – the stability of the Tor Project’s network depends on the volunteers maintaining the network. This is because there’s no way to incentivize node running. Despite being almost twenty years old and data privacy being more relevant than ever, the number of Tor nodes has stayed low. In addition, Tor has issues with scaling. This centralization is vulnerable to exploitation and disruption. In addition, Tor relies on a centralized directory authority to distribute the list of approved Tor nodes, which allows people to join and use the network. Traffic analysis can then be used to identify individual connections and deanonymize sender and recipient. While the data itself is secured through encryption, its route across the network can be observed. But onion routing has a major privacy flaw – metadata leakage.
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